What is the Fusaka Upgrade? Ethereum’s Biggest Scaling Bet Yet

Ethereum's Fusaka upgrade, set for December 2025, aims to enhance the network's data capacity, improve defenses against denial-of-service attacks, and introduce new tools for developers. The upgrade will increase blob throughput by eight times through a method known as data availability sampling (PeerDAS), where nodes will store a fraction of the data rather than the entire set. This approach aims to alleviate bottlenecks and accommodate a potential surge in layer-2 demands without overburdening node operators. Additionally, Fusaka will establish a reserve fee for blob usage, ensuring a baseline cost that supports efficient data handling, and it will enable adjustments to blob parameters without requiring a complete hard fork. The upgrade also includes new protections against atypical transactions that could destabilize the network and introduces user-friendly features like preconfirmation support for transactions. For Ethereum users, no action is required, although validators and node operators must upgrade their systems to align with the new protocol.

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